things i won't work with chlorine trifluoride

. How can I make inferences about individuals from aggregated data? It is not. For instance, its great for plasmaless cleaning of certain surfaces used in semiconductor manufacturing and it also works well at cleaning uranium residue off of the walls of nuclear power plants and removing built up oxides. I dropped the wrench and blew up the missile!" Chlorine Trifluoride: Some Empirical Findings, Stratospheric Chlorine: Blaming It on Nature, Chlorine Isotope Fractionation in the Stratosphere. Chlorine trifluoride appears as a colorless gas or green liquid with a pungent odor. This question originally appeared on Quora. The end result of their research was the gaseous form of Chlorine trifluoride. Image by Koisny under Creative Commons license. * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Chlorine Trifluoride. Then theres Dioxygen Difluoride. (A courier ship on a desperate run carrying "plans" fights a desperate battle to protect them, not surrendering, finaly self destructing in a desperate sacrifice yada, yada etc. When you compare the chemical energy stored in your ClFl3 to the kinetic energy required to accomplish the above, we don't really add much. The compound also a stronger oxidizing agent than oxygen itself, which also puts it into rare territory. ), tetrafluorohydrazine These reactions are often violent, and in some cases explosive, especially with flammable materials. If the paper werent laid out in complete grammatical sentences and published in JACS, youd swear it was the work of a violent lunatic. In realistic space combat, objects are enormously far away (requiring guidance, not mortars), and are traveling so enormously fast that the kinetic energy is all you need to make a kill. They isolated the compound chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), which was liquid (check!) I have to say, not being used to this sort of chemistry, that if I saw these events going on in my fume hood that a series of slight explosions might well take place beneath my iron breastplate. Your email address will not be published. He has curated a horrific collection of nasty poisonous reagents from his own field of organic chemistry, alongside a hellish collection selected from other specializations. There's something really, really big in the middle of our Milky Way galaxy one of the largest structures ever observed in the region, in fact. First discovered back in the 1930s, chlorine trifluoride is a rather curious chemical that easily reacts, sometimes explosively, with just about every known substance on Earth. The stuff would rip the hull off your ship. A few of the other things known to not react with chlorine trifluoride include nitrogen, the inert gases and polychlorotrifluoroethylene. But if you start talkin' chlorine trifluoride, we'll take a hard pass, thanks. Chlorine trifluoride, an interhalogen with the formula ClF 3, is all of these things and more. Chlorine trifluoride (which I will subsequently refer to as ClF 3) is one of the most reactive oxidising compounds known. How to determine chain length on a Brompton? With phosphorus, it yields phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) and phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5), while sulfur yields sulfur dichloride (SCl2) and sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4). 2023 American Association for the Advancement of Science. How? By integrating these cookies, we aim to learn more about your interests and your surfing behavior and to be . The space, however, is made of space, lots of it :) So typically, there will be quite a bunch of space between you and your enemy, be it spaceship combat or orbital bombardment. Fe+3 then reacts with OH- of water forming Fe(OH)3 a brown ppt and H+ of water reacts with the remaining Cl- to make the aqueous solution acidic by forming HCl. To understand why chlorine trifluoride is top of the "avoid at all costs" list, let's rewind to the oxidizing agent part. The most extensive work appears to have been done in the 1960s by a certain A. G. Streng working at Temple University. Well, thats because chlorine trifluoride is a more powerful oxidizing agent by mass than oxygen itself. Derek Lowe, an Arkansan by birth, got his BA from Hendrix College and his PhD in organic chemistry from Duke before spending time in Germany on a Humboldt Fellowship on his post-doc. Theres a report from the early 1950s (inthis PDF) of aone-tonspill of the stuff. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2020-124. How can space-mines be improved as a viable weapons in interplanetary space warefare? Thoughts? Oh, and in the process, it also released hot, deadly clouds of hydrofluoric acid that corroded everything in its path. It burned its way through a foot of concrete floor and chewed up another meter of sand and gravel beneath, completing a day that Im sure no one involved ever forgot. 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Minecraft Legends is gaming at its best - fun, welcoming, evolving, easy to play but endlessly difficult to master. What ClF3 can do to an enemy spaceship that a good old atomic bomb can't do? It has a heat capacity of 63.9 J K -1 mol -1. Chlorine trifluoride is typically used in nuclear fuel processing, as its converts uranium into gaseous hexafluoride uranium. Ah, but that is their essential character. one is included true how it is say theater equal to one by to say theater doesn't belong to this interval so this is incorrect. . It is corrosive to metals and tissue. Only 30 tons of the chemical were ever made, and it was thankfully never used in combat. CIF3 is an effective oxidizer, one that's arguably too effective. One approach is to mix fluorine and oxygen gas inside a vessel heated to 700 C. Gibbs free energy is -123.0 kJ mol -1. To anyone asking why anyone would be so idiotic, Dr. Lowe is with you: Elemental fluorine has commanded respect since well before anyone managed to isolate it, a process that took a good fifty years to work out in the 1800s. Rather fortunately, chlorine trifluoride. Have fun. But we're creating fiction, not documentaries, and the idea of miniaturizing the process using future tech such that we get exactly what you're explaining is wonderful. Get our latest posts and insights delivered directly to your inbox. because of the formation of a thin film of insoluble metal fluoride which protects the bulk of the metal, just as the invisible coat of oxide on aluminium keeps it from burning up in the atmosphere. It's a ruse to get them to fill tanks with "nitrogen or noble gases" and bring them into space for us to take away, by threatening them with the big dumb rocks we normally throw at each other. Derek Lowe, an Arkansan by birth, got his BA from Hendrix College and his PhD in organic chemistry from Duke before spending time in Germany on a Humboldt Fellowship on his post-doc. Here's what you need to know(updated August 11, 2022). . The stuff could be used as an incredibly effective chemical weapon that was also cheap to produce. [F-]. Together, these occasional entries make up the most entertaining and terrifying science-related blog on the internet. @StianYttervik, while true that a portion of my answer assumes the simple mixing of chemicals, it doesn't change the fact that the creation of ClF3 is nothing more than a process. Handling concerns, however, severely limit its use. The only time I see either of them in the synthetic chemistry literature is when a paper by Shlomo Rozen pops up (for example), but despite his efforts on its behalf, I still won't touch the stuff.And if anyone needs any more proof as to why, I present this video, made at some point by some French lunatics. However, if enough cyanoacrylate is added to the cotton or wool, the fabric will catch on fire, making this a great trick to keep in mind in survival situations. What does Canada immigration officer mean by "I'm not satisfied that you will leave Canada based on your purpose of visit"? I am reviewing a very bad paper - do I have to be nice? Powered by Tumblr. Chlorine trifluoride ignites on contact with almost any substance, burns at over 2000C, and will melt tanks, bunkers, schools, and pretty much anything it comes into contact with. The compound also a stronger oxidizing agent than oxygen itself, which also puts it into rare territory. "Do not be omitting the stirring, then. Chlorine trifluoride ( 01:17) Let's start with what the Germans had in that secret weapons bunker. As a solid, its white. Also, there are people around you trying to make your spaceship explodes. Asteroid Ryugu Has Dust Grains Older Than the Sun. 1) Chlorine Trifluoride is the most flammable gas. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Write the equation that relates the rate expressions for this reaction in terms of the disappearance of Cl2 and F2 and the formation of ClF3. Nope, it's straight to the Iron Man look. only a scrap of plan/data left). Each mask is provided with a rectangular pane (7 x 3 inches) of shatter-proof glass. Is a particle accelerator weapon feasible? It can be kept in some of the ordinary structural metals-steel, copper, aluminium, etc.-because of the formation of a thin film of insoluble metal fluoride which protects the bulk of the metal, just as the invisible coat of oxide on aluminium keeps it from burning up in the atmosphere. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Some of this, under ordinary circumstances, might be considered protective equipment. Or an explosion. Derek Lowes commentary on drug discovery and the pharma industry. Some things are better left alone. But, of course, the weapon was incredibly dangerous for those carrying it around too, not just those they launch it at. Sound advice, indeed. Chlorine trifluoride, ClF3, or "CTF" as the engineers insist on calling it, is a colorless gas, a greenish liquid, or a white solid. and even more reactive than fluorine (double check!). So this is true cost Peter is one Coffee Table to one. It is also hypergolic with such things as cloth, wood, and test engineers, not to mention asbestos, sand, and waterwith which it reacts explosively. On a review of the literature, Lowe notes that the vast majority of the work has been theoretical, which seems sensible. They started churning the stuff out by the tons before deciding it was far too unstable and reactive to handle. Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. But it can also kill the people trying to use it as a weapon. Over the years, Ive probably had more hits on mySand Wont Save You This Timepost than on any other single one on the site. As a gas, chlorine trifluoride is colourless and has a notably sweet and pungent odour not dissimilar from pool chlorine. The Stupidly Dangerous Chemical Chlorine Trifluoride Can Make Anything Burst Into Flames on Contact, Scientists Have Discovered Enormous Balloon-Like Structures in the Center of Our Galaxy, The Perseid Meteor Shower Reaches its Peak, Neuroprosthetic Sensory Devices are Reconnecting People to the World, World's First Malaria Vaccine Offers Hope to Millions, The Butterfly Effect Is Why It's Impossible to Predict the Weather, Rhnull, the Rarest Blood Type on Earth, Has Been Called the "Golden Blood", Neuroscientists Found The Most Relaxing Song, How to Watch the Orionids Meteor Shower in 2021, The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grantees. It's been used in the semiconductor industry to clean oxides off of surfaces, at which activity it no doubt excels. The chlorine trifluoride market consists of sales of chlorine trifluoride by entities (organizations, sole traders, and partnerships) that refer to colorless gas or green liquid with a. The propellant in its liquid state has a very pale green-yellow color and in the solid state is white. Boils at 53F. Six Planets are Retrograde, What Does that Mean for You? It is shipped as a greenish-yellow liquid. Since the war, the compound has been banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention. Well, it's been a bit too serious around here this week. The following passage by rocket scientist John D. Clark is widely quoted in descriptions of the substance's extremely hazardous nature: Obviously the first question to answer here is how chlorine trifluoride is somehow able to cause asbestos, a substance that is known for being almost completely fire retardant, to catch on fire. Flash of fireworks, ship shell floating off into space, crew subjected to the horrors of radiation. or w/e i introduce myself as. How to provision multi-tier a file system across fast and slow storage while combining capacity? After all, its a substance that reacts explosively with water (humans are largely bags of water), and for those that dont come in contact with it directly, theres the byproduct of the deadly gasses. It is hypergolic with every known fuel, and so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been measured. Imagine a missile that happened to impact with a ship using water as its primary radiation shielding. The Nazis working in the Falkenhagen Bunker referred to chlorine trifluoride simply as Substance N or N-Stoff and were planning to store it inside specially designed shells which could be used in battle. It is hypergolic with every known fuel, and so rapidly hypergolic that no ignition delay has ever been measured. Space requires a lot of energy, so if it's at larger scale than us earthlings going around the Solar system, a spaceship has access to some energy source probably more powerful than nuclear or thermonuclear. Overall, there is little to gain from conventional munitions with this approach. [F-].F [Cl++] Reacts with benzene, toluene, ether, alcohol, acetic acid, selenium tetrafluoride, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, alkali, hexane. Required fields are marked *. This suggests that the stuff might be better used by a saboteur or terrorist. The circle below shows a mixture of hydrogen sulfide gas and oxygen gas, which react form sulfur dioxide and water. For dealing with this situation, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes. Say hi any time. A few of the other things known to not react with chlorine trifluoride include nitrogen, the inert gases and polychlorotrifluoroethylene. [16] Unlike most of the alternative chemicals used in this role, it does not need to be activated by the use of plasma since the heat of the chamber is sufficient to make it decompose and react with the semiconductor material.[16]. Chlorine Trifluoride (ClF3) SC (Semiconductor) is a nearly colorless gas with an irritating odor similar to chlorine or mustard with an extremely low odor threshold. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. .masks and breast-plates of sheet iron worn by observers during times of danger. Yes, at hundreds of degrees below zero, this stuff sets ice on fire. 5.7M views, 64K likes, 2.1K loves, 892 comments, 15K shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Adds/15: Why is an infant mur.der.red? Barring that, the area must simply be kept cool until the reaction ceases. ClF3 will quickly corrode even noble metals like iridium, platinum, or gold, oxidizing them to chlorides and fluorides. If you liked this article, you might also enjoy: Melissa writes for the wildly popular interesting fact website TodayIFoundOut.com. Neither compound has been used in any operational rocket propulsion system. As a liquid, the substance is decidedly more threatening looking, taking on the form of a pale green substance. Learn more about Teams . Put someone on the same pedestal as another. They originally planned to produce 90 tons of the stuff every month, but only made about 30 tons throughout the whole war. Chlorine trifluoride has been investigated as a high-performance storable oxidizer in rocket propellant systems. But chlorine azide has not been weaponized, nor will it be. For dealing with this situation, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes.. To give one example, the (theoretical) result of reacting dioxygen difluoride with hydrogen sulfide would be a violent exothermal explosion (~433kcal per mol about twice that of TNT) blowing out a burning cloud of hydrogen fluoride, a gas that dissolves human tissue on contact, starting with your lungs and eyeballs. [clarification needed][citation needed]. +1 for pointing out that chemical reactions are on the wrong energy scale for (most) space-age weapons. Numerous explosions, often without assignable cause, have occurred during the experiments. Imagine doing that from some ancient battle in a "million-to-one chances happen all the time" Star-Trek-ish sort of way. 2.1.2 Odor 2.1.3 2.1,11 Chlorine trifluoride odor has been re~orted as both sweet ~nd pungent, similar to chlorine or mustard. Discovery, Inc. or its subsidiaries and affiliates. Are laser-stars the better missile carriers in space warfare? Director. It will not only set water on fire, but water makes it explode. Chlorine trifluoride has been investigated as a high-performance storable oxidizer in rocket propellant systems. Imagine flying through space and inconveniently running through a cloud of this stuff. . Manage your stress with a perfect tune backed by science. National Institute for Occupational. It offered improved specific impulse over chlorine trifluoride, but with all of the same difficulties in handling. This article first appeared on Curiosity.com. Are Electric Highways the Way of the Future? Notably tough elements like titanium and tungsten are also regarded as being wholly unsuitable to storing the chemical because they set on fire as soon as they come into contact with it. From hisout-of-printclassicIgnition! Seriously, with 1960 era technology scientists were contemplating compact nuclear devices which would project star hot plasma at a small fraction of the speed of light (Casaba Howitzer). @ozone - it's false. Of course, its so difficult to store safely that its generally considered not to be worth the risk for this usage. 13(b-1) which was obviously different from that shown in Fig. Not really. Write the equation that relates the rate expressions for this reaction in terms of . For dealing with this situation, I have always recommended a good pair of running shoes.[17]. You write that. Fluorine is in the first place much more reactive than chlorine. This is because doing so will coat the metal in a thin fluoride layer, with which the chemical wont react. As an incredibly strong oxidising and fluorinating agent, chlorine trifluoride is extremely . In movies, fighters are orders of magnitude too close and far too slow. That means that it can potentially go on to burn things that you would normally consider already burnt to hell and gone, and a practical consequence of that is that itll start roaring reactions with things like bricks and asbestos tile. Pick whichever route you prefer. It is known to ignite sand, asbestos, glass, and even ashes of substances that have already burned in oxygen. It's been used in the semiconductor industry to clean oxides off of surfaces, but, in general, it's probably too powerful for its own good. What chance has any oxidizer to compete with the annihilation power scale? Tests were made against mock-ups of the Maginot Line fortifications, and it was found to be an extremely effective incendiary weapon and poison gas. Sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste can all be affected, diminishing their experience of the world. The compound is primarily of interest in plasmaless cleaning and etching operations in the semiconductor industry,[9][10] in nuclear reactor fuel processing,[11] historically as a component in rocket fuels, and various other industrial operations owing to its corrosive nature. They did produce it in non-negligible amounts, but it became clear that using it as a weapon would be a terrible idea in much the same way that mustard gas in World War I was a bad idea: It can turn on the soldiers attempting to deploy it. Make sure you don't put anything next to them that you're not comfortable seeing altered - you know, all sudden-like.A reader forwarded this 1943 JACS article, the first comprehensive study of chlorine azide, and it's a joy to read. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. The molecular geometry of ClF3 is approximately T-shaped, with one short bond (1.598) and two long bonds (1.698). There are a couple other useful applications though. rev2023.4.17.43393. But things get even worse for our nasty chemical, if one thinks more. Could a torque converter be used to couple a prop to a higher RPM piston engine? In fact, in 1994 a lab technician in Australia accidentally spilled hydrofluric acid on his lap and despite immediately executing safety procedures including hosing off, immersing himself in a swimming pool, and later extensive medical care (including needing to have one of his legs amputated), within two weeks of the accident, he was dead. One of the main uses of ClF3 is to produce uranium hexafluoride, UF6, as part of nuclear fuel processing and reprocessing, by the fluorination of uranium metal: The compound can also dissociate under the scheme: In the semiconductor industry, chlorine trifluoride is used to clean chemical vapour deposition chambers. Are there some dangerous experiments that scientists/physicists are too afraid to execute? Q&A for work. Even a small piece of space debris could cause problems if it hits the weapon in the right place. Yes, for disinformation. Click the who am i page to see a list a shit ill do for strangers. and M.D. Staying power, that's what I call it. It can be kept in some of the ordinary structural metals-steel, copper, aluminium, etc.-because of the formation of a thin film of insoluble metal fluoride which protects the bulk of the metal, just as the invisible coat of oxide on aluminium keeps it from burning up in the atmosphere. You have to coax it into existence, and even then it threatens to non-exist and you alongside it. . At seven hundred freaking degrees, fluorine starts to dissociate into monoatomic radicals, thereby losing its gentle and forgiving nature. How to intersect two lines that are not touching. Experimentally we would expect the bond angle to be approximately 87.5.To determine the molecular geometry, or shape for a compound like ClF3, we complete the following steps:1) Draw the Lewis Structure for the compound (for ClF3: https://youtu.be/4FX__czAHDE).2) Predict how the atoms and lone pairs will spread out when the repel each other.3) Use a chart based on steric number (like the one in the video) or use the AXN notation to find the molecular shape. It even sets fire to asbestos. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. If your shell is too weak to get through the hull, it would splash against the armor, react with a small amount of the hull material, be explosively ejected by its own reactive byproducts, and disperse into the vacuum of space with minor damage done. ClF3 also reacts with water to give hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride, along with oxygen and oxygen difluoride (OF2): It will also convert many metal oxides to metal halides and oxygen or oxygen difluoride. Putting off oil changes and ignoring your check engine light can end up costing you $8,000 or more in major engine repairs later and shorten your vehicle's lifespan by as much as 50,000 miles.. Its been used in the semiconductor industry to clean oxides off of surfaces, at which activity it no doubt excels.

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